Introduction
Cupric oxide (CuO) is a black, inorganic compound of copper and oxygen. It is widely used in various industrial, scientific, and technological applications. The ACS (American Chemical Society) grade ensures its high purity, making it suitable for laboratory and analytical use.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Chemical Formula and Structure
– Formula: CuO
– Molecular Weight: 79.55 g/mol
– CAS Number: 1317-38-0
– Appearance: Black or brownish-black powder
– Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in acids and ammonium hydroxide
– Density: 6.31 g/cm³
– Melting Point: 1,326°C (2,419°F)
– Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Production Methods
Thermal Oxidation
Cupric oxide can be produced by heating copper metal or cuprous oxide (Cu2O) in the presence of oxygen:
\[ 2Cu + O_2 \rightarrow 2CuO \]
Precipitation Method
Cupric oxide can also be obtained by treating copper salts (such as copper sulfate) with an alkaline solution, followed by heating:
\[ Cu(OH)_2 \rightarrow CuO + H_2O \]
Applications
Industrial Uses
– Ceramic and Glass Manufacturing: Used as a colorant to produce blue, green, and turquoise hues in ceramics and glass.
– Catalysts: Plays a role in oxidation reactions, including the removal of carbon monoxide in gas purification processes.
– Electronics: Used in semiconductor applications and superconductors.
– Pigments: Provides black pigmentation in paints, plastics, and coatings.
Laboratory and Scientific Applications
– Analytical Reagents: Used as a reagent in chemical analysis and research.
– Chemical Synthesis: Serves as a precursor for other copper-based compounds.
– Battery Technology: Employed in lithium-ion and alkaline batteries.
Safety and Handling
Hazards
– Inhalation: Can cause respiratory irritation if inhaled in powder form.
– Skin Contact: May cause irritation upon prolonged contact.
– Eye Contact: Causes eye irritation upon direct exposure.
– Environmental Impact: Toxic to aquatic life in high concentrations.
Storage and Disposal
– Storage: Keep in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Store in tightly sealed containers away from incompatible substances such as strong acids and reducing agents.
– Disposal: Follow local regulations for disposal of heavy metal compounds. Do not release into waterways or soil.
Conclusion
Cupric oxide (CuO) is an essential compound with widespread applications in industry, science, and technology. Its high purity, as indicated by the ACS grade, makes it particularly valuable for laboratory research and chemical processes. Proper handling and storage ensure safety and compliance with environmental standards.